Digital transformation of safety in tourism with the use of artificial intelligence: A case study of Slovenia as a tourist destination
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71159/icemit2509ZKeywords:
tourism, safety, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, tourist destinationAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming contemporary tourism by providing innovative tools to improve safety, which is one of the key elements of destination competitiveness, service quality and tourist trust. The purpose of this paper is to examine how digital transformation, supported by AI technologies, contributes to strengthening safety in Slovenia as a tourist destination. The study is based on qualitative research, using semi-structured interviews with experts in tourism, safety and technology. The findings show that AI facilitates faster and more accurate threat detection, improves crisis communication and enhances the perception of safety among tourists. At the same time, the research highlights challenges such as limited financial resources, insufficient digital competencies and lack of stakeholder collaboration. The study contributes to a better understanding of opportunities and barriers of digital transformation in tourism, and provides guidelines for innovative safety solutions to support the sustainable competitiveness of tourist destinations.
References
Baggio, R., Micera, R., & Del Chiappa, G. (2020). Smart tourism destinations: A critical reflection. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 11(3), 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-01-2019-0011
Boes, K., Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2016). Smart tourism destinations: Ecosystems for tourism destination competitiveness. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(2), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-12-2015-0032
Buhalis, D., & Amaranggana, A. (2013). Smart tourism destinations enhancing tourism experience through personalisation of services. In Z. Xiang & I. Tussyadiah (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2014: Proceedings of the international conference in Lugano, Switzerland, February 3–6, 2014 (pp. 377–389). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_28
Buhalis, D., & Law, R. (2008). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the internet—The state of eTourism research. Tourism Management, 29(4), 609–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005
Bulchand-Gidumal, J. (2022). Impact of artificial intelligence in travel, tourism, and hospitality. In U. Gretzel, M. Sigala, Z. Xiang, & C. Koo (Eds.), Handbook of e-Tourism (pp. 1943–1962). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05324-6_110-1
Dinkoksung, S., Pitakaso, R., Boonmee, C., Srichok, T., Khonjun, S., Jirasirilerd, G., Songkaphet, P., & Nanthasamroeng, N. (2023). A mobile solution for enhancing tourist safety in warm and humid destinations. Applied Sciences, 13(15), 9027. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13159027
Edelman, B., Luca, M., & Svirsky, D. (2017). Racial discrimination in the sharing economy: Evidence from a field experiment. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 9(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20160213
European Commission. (n.d.). Dublin—2024 European Capital of Smart Tourism. https://smart-tourism-capital.ec.europa.eu/dublin-shortlisted-2024-european-capital-smart-tourism-competition_en
European Travel Commission. (2025). Seville: Embracing the future as a smart destination. https://visiteurope.com/en/experience/seville-embracing-the-future-as-a-smart-destination/
Fáilte Ireland. (2025). Dublin Discovery Trails. https://dublindiscoverytrails.ie/
Fuchs, G., & Reichel, A. (2006). Tourist destination risk perception: The case of Israel. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 14(2), 83–108. https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v14n02_06
George, B. (2024). Towards safer journeys: Exploring the potential of AI in tourism security. International Journal of Social Science and Technology for Hospitality, 23, 1.
George, R. (2003). Tourists’ perceptions of safety and security while visiting Cape Town. Tourism Management, 24(5), 575–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00003-7
Göteborgs Stad. (n.d.a). Miljö och klimat Göteborg 2030. https://goteborg.se/wps/portal/enhetssida/miljo-och-klimat-goteborg/tillsammans-for-miljon/goteborg--en-av-100-klimatneutrala-och-smarta-stader-i-europa/gothenburg--one-of-eus-100-climate-neutral-and-smart-cities-2030
Göteborgs Stad. (n.d.b). Virtuella Göteborg—stadens digitala tvilling. https://goteborg.se/wps/portal/start/goteborg-vaxer/poddar-och-video/filmer%20om%20stadsutveckling/virtuella-goteborg-stadens-digitala-tvilling
Gothenburg. (n.d.). Practical apps for Gothenburg. https://www.goteborg.com/en/guides/apps
Govekar, S., Dayanand, M. S., & Dsouza, E. P. (2024). Optimizing beach tourism through smart solutions: A comprehensive review of smart technologies and sustainable strategies. Revista de turism–studii și cercetări în turism, 38. https://doi.org/10.4316/rdt.38.725
Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
Gretzel, U. (2022). The smart DMO: A new step in the digital transformation of destination management organizations. European Journal of Tourism Research, 30, 3002. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v30i.2589
Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: Foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8
Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C., & Lamsfus, C. (2015). Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 558–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.043
Hall, C. M. (2002). Travel safety, terrorism and the media: The significance of the issue-attention cycle. Current Issues in Tourism, 5(5), 458–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500208667935
Hall, C. M., Timothy, D. J., & Duval, D. T. (2012). Safety and security in tourism: Relationships, management, and marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 15(2–4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203049464
Ho, S. S., Chuah, A. S., Ho, V. S., Rosenthal, S., Kim, H. K., & Soh, S. S. (2024). Crisis and emergency risk communication and emotional appeals in COVID-19 public health messaging: Quantitative content analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e56854. https://doi.org/10.2196/56854
Institute for Economics & Peace. (2024). Global peace index 2024: Measuring peace in a complex world. IEP. https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf
Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2019). Robots, artificial intelligence, and service automation in travel, tourism and hospitality. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781787566873
Jeong, M., & Shin, H. H. (2020). Tourists’ experiences with smart tourism technology at smart destinations and their behavioral intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1464–1477. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519883034
Ko, Y. D., & Song, B. D. (2021). Application of UAVs for tourism security and safety. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 33(8), 1829–1843. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-07-2020-0476
Kumar, R., Sharma, S., & Saxena, H. (2024). Disaster Guard AI: A synergistic solution for intelligent disaster management. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology, 12(1), 2347–5552. https://doi.org/10.55524/CSISTW.2024.12.1.21
Kumar, V., & Garg, M. L. (2018). Predictive analytics: A review of trends and techniques. International Journal of Computer Applications, 182(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2018917434
Liul, M. (2025). Main examples of artificial intelligence in the tourism industry. Integrio Systems. https://integrio.net/blog/benefits-of-ai-in-tourism
Mansfeld, Y., & Pizam, A. (2006). Tourism, safety & security: From theory to practice. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080458335
Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., & Ladkin, A. (2015). Smart technologies for personalized experiences: A case study in the hospitality domain. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0182-1
Ofusori, L., Bokaba, T., & Mhlongo, S. (2024). Artificial intelligence in cybersecurity: A comprehensive review and future direction. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 38(1), 2439609. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2024.2439609
Reeves, R. (1961). Reality in advertising. Alfred A. Knopf.
Ritchie, B. (2009). Crisis and disaster management for tourism. Channel View Publications. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845411077
Ritchie, B. W., & Jiang, Y. (2021). Risk, crisis and disaster management in hospitality and tourism: A comparative review. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(10), 3465–3493. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2020-1480
Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach (3rd ed.). Pearson Education.
Serrano, J. (2025). Smart tourist destinations: How to create them to turn visits into unique experiences. Galgus. https://www.galgus.ai/en/blog/smart-tourist-destinations/
Sitata. (2025). Travel smarter, safer and stress-free with Sitata. https://www.sitata.com/en/travel-insurance-for-your-trip/
Smart Tourism. (n.d.). Seville, European Capital of Smart Tourism in 2023. https://smart.sevillacityoffice.es/en/seville-european-capital-of-smart-tourism-in-2023/
Smart Tourism Destinations. (2021). EU guide on data for tourism destinations. https://smarttourismdestinations.eu/
Tarlow, P. (2014). Tourism security: Strategies for effectively managing travel risk and safety. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Terry, G., Hayfield, N., Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. In V. Braun, V. Clarke, & D. Gray (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology (2nd ed., pp. 17–37). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526405555.n2
Travels Dubai. (2025, April 23). Dubai Airport’s new AI system clears 10 travellers in just 14 seconds. https://www.travelsdubai.com/23-Apr-2025/dubai-airport-s-new-ai-system-clears-10-travellers-in-just-14-seconds
Tussyadiah, I. (2020). A review of research into automation in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research curated collection on artificial intelligence and robotics in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 81, 102883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102883
Tussyadiah, I. P. (2017). Technology and behavioral design in tourism. In N. Scott, M. De Martino, & J. Laws (Eds.), Design science in tourism: Foundations of destination management (pp. 173–191). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42773-7_12
UN Tourism. (2025). Why tourism? https://www.untourism.int/why-tourism
World Travel & Tourism Council. (2016). Travel & tourism economic impact 2016: Tunisia. https://dossierturismo.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/informe-wttc-turismo-2016.pdf
Zvaigzne, A., Mietule, I., Kotane, I., Vonoga, A., & Meiste, R. (2023). Smart tourism: The role and synergies of stakeholders. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 15(5), 476–485. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-06-2023-0079
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Conference Proceedings Volume
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Scientific Conference on Economics, Management and Information Technologies

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.